if your usual apple -> system settings -> general -> software update doesn’t want to show that there’s update available, and you absolutely, positively know there is one, you can “push” MacOS to refresh list of available updates.

to do so, go to terminal and execute:

user@MAC ~ % softwareupdate -l
Software Update Tool

Finding available software
Software Update found the following new or updated software:
* Label: macOS Sequoia 15.0.1-24A348
	Title: macOS Sequoia 15.0.1, Version: 15.0.1, Size: 1389974KiB, Recommended: YES, Action: restart,

as you can see, there’s 15.0.1 update available. at this point, the GUI window should “wake up” and actually show that there’s indeed update that’s available, just like in the window below:

you can proceed using normal graphical interface, or select specific update still from terminal:

user@MAC ~ % softwareupdate -i 'macOS Sequoia 15.0.1-24A348'
Software Update Tool

Finding available software
Downloading macOS Sequoia 15.0.1
Password:
Downloading: 100.00%
Downloaded: macOS Sequoia 15.0.1

happy upgrading - no matter which way!